3D Design Basics

3D design is a critical step in nearly every commercial project that involves turning an idea into a physical object. From precision fasteners to state-of-the-art industrial plants, engineers and designers rely on Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools to help turn creative concepts into a reality.

What is 3D Design?

3D design is the process of creating three-dimensional models using specialized software and tools. Virtual models help convey ideas to clients, stakeholders, and team members, which often facilitates improved decision-making, reduced errors, and ultimately, faster project completion.

Key Concepts in 3D Design

Unlike 2D design, which involves creating flat visualizations, 3D design allows for a more realistic and detailed representation. The following are key concepts of 3D design.

3D Modeling 

3D modeling is the process of building a 3D model through the manipulation of vertices, edges, and faces. Most CAD programs start with simple 3D shapes, such as blocks and cylinders, and allow the users to adjust their dimensions and angles to create their own designs.

Common modeling techniques include the following:

• Solid modeling: Creates objects as complete, three-dimensional entities, allowing for accurate simulations and analysis.
• Wireframe modeling: Focuses on the underlying structure, representing objects as a network of lines to visualize their form.
• Surface modeling: Captures external shape while requiring less computational power.

Texturing and Lighting

Textures and materials enhance the realism and visual appeal of 3D designs. Applying textures to surfaces simulates real-world details, such as roughness or smoothness. The texture of various materials define how light interacts with the object, influencing its appearance and properties.

Different light sources also affect the appearance of an object. With 3D design, users can simulate light sources to create depth and shadows.

Rendering

The concept of rendering refers to generating an image or animation using a 3D model. Renderings are often used for presentations or marketing materials and typically look more “realistic” than the model on which it is based.

Creating 3D Models

Users typically follow this basic process to create a 3D model.

Planning

The first step in the 3D design process is conceptualizing and sketching the idea and planning the design’s purpose. Break down complex shapes into simpler ones. Use reference images or existing objects in creating your model.

Modeling

Leverage 3D modeling software to create a design using basic shapes. Then, add textures, patterns, and colors to enhance the detail of the model. Once complete, export the design for rendering or further modifications.

Design Dimensions

Before sending your 3D design for production, check the dimensions of your model. Confirm that the measurements accurately represent the intended size and proportions. Incorrect dimensions can lead to issues later in the process. 

File Format and Compatibility

Different manufacturing processes require specific file formats. Select the file format that is compatible with the equipment or software being used. This ensures that the 3D design can be properly interpreted and translated into a physical object without any loss of information or quality.

Review and Revise

Work with team members and other stakeholders to refine the design based on feedback. Repeat this workflow until the design is finalized and ready for production.

Best Practices in 3D Design

To excel in 3D design and visualization, users should employ the following best practices.

Constant Improvement

The field of 3D design continues to evolve rapidly. Stay up to date with advancements in the field, particularly as it applies to your industry. Industry publications and online forums are useful for learning about new tools and technology, as well as new ways to leverage existing solutions.

Workflow Optimization

Look for ways to make your 3D design workflow more efficient. Depending on the use case, each step may not require the same level of attention. For instance, preliminary ideas to share with colleagues may not need to be as polished and detailed as later designs, so users should focus less on textures, colors, etc.

Another way to optimize workflows is to use templates and automation. These features may be offered in 3D design software and tools.

Effective Collaboration

Most users work as a part of teams when building 3D designs. Use cloud-based tools so that your team can quickly share and review designs. Such tools are also helpful in documenting feedback to help ensure it is addressed.

3D Design Use Cases

3D design has become a cornerstone technology in various industries, revolutionizing how businesses visualize and execute projects. For example, virtual 3D prototypes allow product designers to test ideas without creating physical models. By simulating product workflows, 3D designs can even help teams identify inefficiencies and optimize specs before production.

In the healthcare industry, 3D design is being used to create detailed models of devices such as surgical implants. Doctors also use detailed 3D models to plan procedures and estimate outcomes.

Aerospace and defense companies use 3D models to test parts in virtual environments. Their 3D models are able to simulate conditions and various stressors. For example, an aerospace project team used a Hexagon generative 3D design solution to replace two parts with one lightweight one.

3D modeling also supports the development and maintenance of energy systems. Companies use it to create and optimize layouts for complex pipelines and to model power plants. One Hexagon client even used its 3D design solutions for mine water treatment. Another used 3D models to help optimize processes related to ship design that resulted in more cost-efficient modifications.

Future Trends in 3D Design

As technology continues to advance at an unprecedented rate, the field of 3D design is also experiencing significant changes and advancements. The integration of 3D design with virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and augmented reality (AR) are reshaping its use in industries such as healthcare and automotive.

Powerful software tools and hardware advancements now allow designers to create highly realistic and intricate 3D models. This allows for more efficient design iterations and quicker prototyping, ultimately leading to faster product development cycles.

VR, AI, and AR technologies, such as digital twins, enable users to immerse themselves in their designs. Clients and stakeholders can experience and visualize designs in a more interactive and realistic way. This technology is not only interesting and appealing, it is also practical because it allows teams to test various design configurations and find the one that best suits their needs.

Choosing 3D Design Software

3D design software is widely used for prototyping, simulation, and production. With numerous options available, it's important to choose software that offers user-friendly interfaces, powerful features, and compatibility with industry standards.

At Hexagon, we offer a range of cutting-edge software solutions for 3D design. Our software provides intuitive interfaces, advanced modeling tools, and seamless integration with other design and engineering applications. Whether you are creating plant designs, product prototypes, or piping specifications, our software can help.

Learn more about Hexagon’s range of industrial design and visualization tools.